Welding Machines: Buying Guide

Types of Welding

A welding machine is equipment that varies by function and methods of use. Below is an overview of the main types of welding:

• MMA:
  Also called shielded metal arc welding, this is certainly the most common welding method in non-professional environments or for work that doesn't require particular quality or productivity performance. These types of welders are easier to use though they produce less aesthetically precise results compared to other welding types.
• TIG:
  Requires low voltage and therefore consumes less power, making it more economical and the most aesthetically pleasing of all welding techniques. TIG welding produces a distinctive "coin-shaped" pattern from its circular motions and is more durable, making it ideal for visible components and precision work.
• LIFT IGNITION:
  Refers to the arc ignition method in TIG welding, achieved through a device that prevents damage to the tungsten electrode tip by using low-value current. The arc starts from a spark created when the electrode is lifted from the workpiece.
• MIG:
  In MIG welding, the electrode consists of a metal wire that also serves as filler material, with the spool unwinding semi-automatically. MIG welding provides greater precision, more refined results, and is preferred for thick materials.
• MAG:
  Also semi-automatic, it uses carbon dioxide gas and is mainly used for welding common steels. MAG welding is more economical and can also weld copper, aluminum, and magnesium.
• BRAZING:
  An assembly operation that melts a filler metal (such as silver or tin-based alloys) without melting the base metal. Brazing thus allows keeping the joint edges intact.
• FLUX-CORED (FCAW):
  A process where the heat needed for welding comes from an electric arc maintained between the workpiece and the flux-cored electrode. The weld area is constantly fed with filler material through a dedicated torch. A key feature is the absence of gas cylinders in the welding circuit along with the use of flux-cored wires.

Types of Welders

• Stick Welder:
  Also called MMA welders, these are the most commonly used welders in hobbyist and semi-professional settings. These machines deliver high electric current to form an arc, generating enough heat to melt the electrode onto the workpiece. This type of welder runs on electricity and doesn't require gas. They're typically inverter welders, supplied with an electrode holder and ground clamp. MMA welders are ideal for outdoor work in garages, construction sites and are very useful for equipment repair and maintenance. When choosing a stick welder, consider: the Amperage needed for your work (determines machine power); electrode type and compatibility with materials; available power supply (single/three-phase); and any additional features that improve usability (anti-stick, arc-force, etc.).
• Wire-Feed Welder:
  Also known as MIG or MAG welders, these use a spool of metal wire. Ideal for serial work due to their efficiency, MIG/MAG welders can produce clean, precise welds quickly. Suitable for various professional and semi-professional applications like repairs, factories, workshops, and complex DIY projects. Besides the wire spool, these welders use shielding gas to prevent weld pool contamination. Before use, pay attention to wire type and proper machine settings. The gas type distinguishes MIG from MAG: MIG uses inert gases like argon or helium for non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper), while MAG welding uses active gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) or argon-CO2 mixes for steels and ferrous metals, improving penetration and arc stability. Consider: machine power and power supply, materials to weld (steel, aluminum), and supported wire diameter.
• TIG Welder:
  Uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and inert gas (argon) to create high-quality welds. The process creates an electric arc between the electrode and workpiece, melting metals without contamination. TIG welders offer precise control over arc and filler material feed rate. TIG welding requires more time and operator skill, making it common in professional sectors. Ideal for clean, high-quality welds on stainless steel, aluminum, and special alloys. Particularly useful in workshops, labs, and factories. These welders may be manual or semi-automatic and typically come with a TIG torch, tungsten electrodes, and gas cylinder. When choosing, consider: adequate power for materials/thickness, available power supply (single/three-phase), and accessory quality (torch, electrodes).
• Multi-Process Welder:
  Combines stick, wire-feed, and TIG welding in one machine by changing torches, electrode holders, and connections. Ideal for users needing to adapt to different work requirements and weld various materials. Used in metalworking, construction sites, and repairs in workshops/industry. When buying, prioritize machine quality for longevity and performance.
• Spot Welder:
  Used for spot welding, joining metal pieces by generating heat through electric current. Works by applying high-current electricity between two electrodes that clamp the metals. Heat from electrical resistance melts contact points, creating solid joints. Typically used for steel assembly in workshops and production lines. Ideal for thin sheets, tubes, and precision components. Produces clean, precise welds without excessive heating. When choosing, consider material thickness, power, and available current intensity.
• Plasma Cutting
  An evolution of TIG welding designed for industries and skilled professionals, using highly ionized gas for excellent weld strength and precision. With extreme mechanical resistance to tension and heat, it's recommended for industrial work. Molten metal (plasma) exits the nozzle at ultra-high speeds (up to 20,000°C). Used on metals with medium-to-thick gauges. Faster than other methods with extremely high power concentration, minimal fumes, and lower current requirements. Used in metal fabrication, industrial production, and vehicle repair. Ideal for precise cuts on thick materials in metalworking and structural projects. When choosing, consider power, maximum cut thickness, portability, and ease of use.
• Torch Welding:
  Also called Oxy-Acetylene Welding, uses a flame from acetylene and oxygen gas. Can reach 3030°C and is used on thin materials like pipes or sheets (6-8mm thick). The torch produces a stiff, directional flame that's easy to use even for beginners. Each torch has different power ratings (based on acetylene flow in L/h) and can be adjusted by changing tips or injectors. Particularly useful for tight spaces or thin materials, offering precise temperature and joint quality control. Commonly used for piping, hydraulic systems, and professional repairs/maintenance.

In conclusion, choosing the right welding machine is crucial for optimal results that meet your project's specific needs. From stick and wire-feed (MIG/MAG) welders to multi-process machines and spot welders, each offers different capabilities. If your work requires robust, versatile performance, a multi-process welder may be ideal, while those needing precision and quality should consider TIG. Wire-feed welders are perfect for fast, clean work, while spot welders are essential for rapid, precise production welding. For clean cuts on thick metals, plasma cutting is the solution. This guide has explored the main welder types and their uses to help inform your choice. Contact us for questions or personalized advice. Our expert team is ready to provide all necessary information for purchasing a welder on Indors.